Children in Blake’s Poetry The use of children is a prominent theme in a number of William Blake’s poems. It is apparent in reading such poems as, “The Lamb,” “The Little Black Boy,” and “The Chimney Sweeper,” that Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child and embraces the innocence of the young.
Another poem of Blake’s that shows the innocence of children is “The Chimney Sweeper” from Songs Of Innocence. The persona in this poem is one of a young chimneysweeper. The chimneysweeper who is speaking is one who has had experience in the business for some time. He is trying to give advice to a new chimney sweeper ****d Tom Dacre. There’s little Tom Dacre, who cries when his head That curl’d like a lamb’s back, was shav’d, so I said, “Hush Tom! never mind it, for when your head’s bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.” (5,8) Here the chimneysweeper is telling Tom that his hair can’t be ruined if it is shaved and that it is nothing to cry about because it is part of the job. Later that night, when they went to bed, Tom had a dream. He dreamt, “That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned & Jack, / Were all of them lock’d up in coffins of black.” (11,12) Here the coffins are used to represent the chimneys that the little boys have to shimmy through. Blake writes, “And by came an Angel who had a bright key, / And he open’d the coffins and set them all free;” (13,14) Here the angel that comes to save the boys is the angle of death. The angel is setting them free because they are going to heaven. The angle tells Tom that if he does his work and is a good boy that, “He’d have God for his father & never want joy.” (20) This is important because the children’s fathers sold them into the chimney sweeping business. So to Tom, having God as a father is something wonderful and to go to heaven is equally appealing to him. Blake then goes on to write, “So if all do their duty, they need not fear harm.” (24). This line is very ironic because that is what the little boys think, however, the children do not know that they will die young from an unpleasant death because of this job. By saying this, Blake illustrates how he sees the world through the eyes of a child. Blake’s poem “The Chimney Sweeper” from Songs Of Experience, however, has a very different tone compared to “The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence. In Songs of Experience “The Chimney Sweeper” has a narrator in it questioning the young chimneysweeper. He says, “ ‘Where are thy father & mother? say?’”(3) The young child tells him that his parents have gone to church to pray. The child blames his parents as well as society for his present position in life and says: “And because I am happy, & dance & sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God & his Priest & King, Who make up a heaven of our misery.” (9,12) Unlike “The Chimney Sweeper” from Songs of Innocence, the young boy in this poem realizes that he is going to die and that this is wrong. He blames God, his parents and society for letting this happened to him. Blake is still seeing the world through the eyes of a child in this poem, however, he is looking at it from a more mature or experienced point of view. Many of William Blake’s poems contain images of children and depict children as innocent and naïve. Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child and he shows this through his poetry
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Children in the 19th C.
Children at work
Children had an unhappy childhood. They worked hard to satisfy the needs of their parents because families were very poor and they didn't have enough money, so children worked. They underwent very difficult conditions of employment. Days were long for them : ***** or twelve hours a day, *** days a week.
Children worked in manufactories.
At that time, there was no insurance and when children had accidents or were ill they didn't have any help.
Many children often worked with adults : they worked under the same conditions. Children were small, they could go into narrow spaces, children were clever too and employers appreciated these qualities.
In the 19th century, children lived in very difficult conditions because they lived near factories and in unhealthy flats or in suburbs with poor hygiene. They had bad nutrition. They ate some bread, pork, milk or cheese (not everyday). This favoured infant mortality and diseases. Towards 1830 charity associations came to help children and their families. It gave food and clothes to everybody. After 1840 school was an obligation and children stopped working. But the conditions remained very difficult for all because streets and suburbs were very dirty in England
















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